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Let's dwell separately on how search engines recognize the author of an article if the information about him/her only contains his/her first and last name. Neither Yandex nor Google disclose the specifics of the corresponding algorithms. The position is quite understandable, because the disclosure of a detailed mechanism for fact-checking information will provoke many cases of fraud. Fraudsters will adapt to the search engine's work and will be able to pass off fakes as expert materials. Some technologies for solving this problem have been patented by Google: Agent Rank, which allows you to identify the author by his/her signature on various web sources; Schema.org, which identifies the features of the author's markup; Speaker Identification, which helps to identify the speaker by the recording of his/her speech.

In May 2020, the release of Generating Author Vectors technology was announced. It is able to identify the author of a publication, even if he is not mentioned on the page.

Thus, most likely, search engines use for pharmaceutical email lists identification:

captions to materials;

assessment of style and quality of speech.

In principle, establishing authorship from a text is not such a difficult task for professional linguists. Speech has many individual features, a deep analysis of which allows us to draw conclusions with a high degree of reliability. There is no information about the use of these methods in machine form, but the existence of such algorithms cannot be ruled out. The current decade has been marked by the explosive development of neural network and machine learning technologies, which have significantly expanded the capabilities of programmers.



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Legal Consequences of Poor Fact-Checking
First of all, let's find out what a fake publication is. The provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 15.3 of Federal Law No. 149-FZ "On Information, Information Technologies and the Protection of Information" will help us with this. From the legislator's point of view, the signs of a fake are:

social significance of the information reported;

indication of the reliability of the news;

the presence in the material of a threat of harm to life, health, or property.

Thus, at one time a photo image of David Rockefeller's smiling widow appeared in the media. In reality, this illustration turned out to be a montage. However, from the legal point of view, this publication is not a fake, since it does not report socially significant information and does not threaten the life and health of an indefinite number of people.

Another example: news about criminals who offer to receive a face mask with a sleeping drug for free and then rob people. This information is already fake, since it indicates the validity of the information provided in it, is important for an indefinite number of people and is capable of causing panic reactions. Soon after its publication, a refutation was posted, but the author was brought to administrative responsibility.

The posting of fake news in the public domain can cause serious negative consequences, so many countries around the world pay increased attention to this problem in their legislation. Russia is no exception. On March 18, 2019, important changes were made to Article 15.3 of Law No. 149-FZ.

The adoption of this law was largely facilitated by the events surrounding the fire in the Winter Cherry shopping center in Kemerovo. One person running an Internet page not only intentionally published inflated information about the number of victims, but also called morgues and hospitals, posing as an official from the Ministry of Emergency Situations, and declared the need to prepare places for hundreds of victims. Misinformation spread not only to other blogs, but also to the media. It led to mass protests, where demands were made for the resignation of the regional leadership and the publication of the true data of the official investigation.

The Prosecutor General or his deputy have the right to classify a publication as fake and initiate the procedure of bringing the guilty person to justice. These same persons have the authority to demand that Roskomnadzor impose restrictions on the resource where the false information is posted. But there are some nuances here: