This is reminiscent of many current debates concerning the Internet

[shishir.seoexpert1]

"For an entire generation, the Internet has given itself to be thought of as a historical force capable of democratizing freedom of expression, promoting the transparency of institutions, and building itself into a universal library... Yet this emancipatory project has been held in check," says the author, who thus agrees with Snowden in his observation. And the book asks " how did we get here? "

Here we are propelled to 1440. A certain gambling data uae Johannes Gutenberg has just invented the "typographic printing press with movable metallurgical characters". Tréguer is a man of precision. Very quickly the process appears as an " instrument of political protest " claims the author. But the European monarchs will not remain without reaction. A notion will allow the restoration of order which, in their eyes, is necessary: ​​the reason of State. This is how censorship can be applied. The revelation of possible State secrets by the printed thing is qualified as a crime of lèse-majesté. However, the secret will become year after year, a "real obsession for the theorists of the reason of State who try to reestablish the arts of governing".



The media and the famous question of transparency. Because at that time, the advocates of "secrecy" already had a formidable means here. It strategically ensures "the preeminence of the State in the face of competing powers" . It has an efficiency function, by allowing "monarchical power to escape the imperative of justification ".

Knowledge, power, police. Tréguer draws on the work of the philosopher Michel Foucault in his writing of counter-history. According to the author, this "archaeological" work sheds light on the situation we know today, namely, still according to Tréguer, the failure of the digital utopia.